THERAPEUTIC EXERCISE IN THE PHASE OF THE PATIENT'S REABILITATION WITH SEQUELS OF CVA

Abstract

Stroke is a neurological condition that can cause motor and functional impairments, such as muscle weakness, balance disorders, locomotion difficulties, and dependence in daily activities, requiring appropriate physiotherapeutic follow-up. This study aimed to highlight the importance of the physiotherapist in applying therapeutic exercises during the acute, subacute, and chronic phases of rehabilitation in individuals with stroke sequelae. This is a descriptive and qualitative literature review conducted through the search for articles published between 2020 and 2026 in the PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, Virtual Health Library, Google Scholar, and CAPES Journal Portal databases. Studies related to physiotherapy, neurological rehabilitation, therapeutic exercises, muscle strengthening, balance training, mobilization, and gait re-education were included. The results demonstrated that, in the acute phase, exercises should prioritize safe mobilization, proper positioning, postural control, and prevention of secondary complications. In the subacute phase, muscle strengthening, balance training, motor coordination, and functional activities stand out. In the chronic phase, the focus is on gait rehabilitation, aerobic exercises, dynamic balance, virtual reality, and activities aimed at social participation. It is concluded that therapeutic exercises are essential to promote neuroplasticity, improve functionality, increase independence, and enhance quality of life after stroke. Further studies are needed regarding the ideal dose, intensity, and frequency of physiotherapeutic interventions.